How Does PGD Testing for Gender Selection Work?

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, or PGD as it is known for short, is used for the identification of genetic defects in embryos that are created using in vitro fertilization or other forms of assisted reproductive technologies. The procedure may also be used for gender selection purposes as well. The specialist performing the procedure will examine the genetic makeup of the embryos created to check for genetic defects as well as the couple's desired gender.

The procedure works by first extracting several eggs from the mother; the father will provide the sperm necessary to create embryos. The sperm is used to fertilize the eggs in a laboratory and after about three days, several embryos will have developed. The specialist will then screen and examine the genetic makeup of the embryos. They will screen for genetic disorders or defects as well as the gender of the embryo.

The specialist will take healthy embryos with the desired gender and implant them in the mother's uterus. The embryos may then implant in the uterine wall and develop with birth taking place as it normally would had conception occurred naturally. Couples may choose to freeze additional healthy embryos for future use.

Individuals considering gender selection should understand that there are ethical concerns regarding the procedure, especially when it is used not to avoid a genetic disorder, but for social or emotional reasons. Interested individuals should consult a specialist regarding the procedure to discuss it in greater detail. Questions regarding ethical concerns may come up during a consultation as the couple considers whether the procedure is right for them.

Reports indicate that with this procedure, there is about a 98% chance the embryo will not carry a genetic defect, while there is about a 99% chance the embryo will be of the desired gender. Risks involved with PGD include false positive or false negative test results. Chromosomal inconsistencies from cell to cell may be present, meaning the cell used for biopsy may not be representative of the other cells in the embryo.

The price tag on PGD may be quite high and it is not covered by many insurance companies. The procedure may raise the cost of in vitro fertilization (IVF) by about $3,500, although this may vary. Individuals should discuss costs with the specialist at the specific infertility clinic at which they choose to receive treatment or undergo testing. It is imperative that you use compare the service and care after the procedure is done.